Ted de Clercq

Plate Tectonics

Theories of the formation and movements of the earths crust have varied over time, each trying to explain earthquakes ,volcanoes, the rise of mountains and the distribution of animals and species over the earths crust. The following article presents a new view of the earth’ history and how and why and how the earth’s crust moves the way it does which we will see is somewhat different from current thing on plate tectonic theory. Looking at the theory will show a view which will make the proof of the theory self evidentThe following theory on plate tectonics does not follow current conventional thinking where the belief is that the world is made up of plates which are being subducted down into the earths interior and then the material is picked up and then brought up to the earths surface. And the continents are continually are on a type of convection current moving across the surface and then going down into the interior of the earth itself. The theory that is going to be presented here is very different from this.

NORTH AMERICA

Some of it is based on things that were developed in the late 19 th and early 20 th century which have recently been reexamined and been proven to be correct but some of the theory is quiet different you will be able to see by the maps and charts that they give irrefutable proof of the validity of this theory it will go as follows. The earth is a sphere whose surface is approximately 60% water and 40% land when you include the continental shelves this percentage has been presumed to be more or less constant except for the changes that have occurred as the ocean levels changed due to the water stored as ice during the ice ages, recently a theory that the earth is expanding has been reexamined and found to be correct is called the balloon theory .it presented the idea that the earth is a sphere which was slowly expanding and gradually getting larger and larger and that the earth was like a balloon but with the plate tectonic theories that became popular later on in the century this theory was forgotten

. I was unaware of this theory when I started to observe the features of the earth that I will present here and that I arrived at the same conclusion from the observations that I have found. The thing that is important when looking at the earth is how an expanding earth would be different from one that was static in size and what that mean to the continents and the effect this expansion would have on the land masses themselves, and what effect this expansion would have over billions of years, because if the earth is expanding now it has most likely been expanding since it was first formed what was the earth like when it was first formed what size was it? How much smaller than today and what does that mean to the formation of the crust and the continents and how is that tied in to the present movement and dynamics of the crust today. If we imagine that this process has been going on for a long time and we imagine that the earth had a surface areas that was 25 to 40% of what it is today. Which would mean that if the continents were approximately the same size as they are today the continents land area would be the same as the total surface area of the earth at that time that is presuming that the crust itself has not expanding at the same rate as the sphere itself. The expansion of the earth cold have a number of causes one could be mostly an internal change a bit like bread rising another could be due do the gradual collection of matter from space that is continually raining down on the earth. and it may be caused by a expansion of the hole universe and the earth being a part of the whole universe is expanding as well, this theory will be discussed in a following article, and it may also be a combination of a number of reasons, but for whatever reasons it still means that the surface of the earth was much smaller, what is important to note is the fact that the earth is expanding and has done so for billions of years. Now if you take the earths surface when it was much smaller and remember that we still had the same amount of water that would have been on the earth but a much smaller globe two things would have existed: one is that the earth would have been covered with water and possibly to quite a depth creatures that would of lived:

In the ocean would of lived and died and their bodies would of fallen to the ocean floor building up layers of sediment on a world that was totally covered with water. The continents that we know to day were the floor of this watery world and gradually as the earth expanded and the crust of the earth cracked and split and moved apart the oceans lowered as they filled the depressions that were the plates that were to eventually became the continents as the water receded into the depressions. This process is still going on today and the lowest parts of these plates the continental shelves are still under the seas. Looking at the continents and their composition, they are made up of the lightest solid matter of the earth. This matter would have floated or risen to the surface of the earth billions of years ago, somewhat like the scum or slag the rises to the surface during the smelting of metals. The fact that the first layer of the earth has solidified does not change the fact the material of the continents is by the most part lighter than the interior. And it was this initial layer of “slag’ that formed the continents or initially the first crust of the earth we have had 4 billion years of erosion of the earths surface wearing smoothing leveling the earth, the question that will be answered is why the continents still have an ancient form in spite of the erosion. The continents that we see today are indeed very ancient but they were possibly formed well into earths history and if we look at the earth from its initial solid crust we may find that in actuality the central core of most or perhaps all the continents was the covering when the earth was much smaller but that the continents still grew as light material was still being rising to the surface from the core. How small the earth was originally can only be a matter of conjecture from the perspective of today we can go back to at least _ the surface area I would suspect that in the very distant past when the earth was first formed it was much much smaller but that the continents still grew as light material was still being rising to the surface from the core. How small the earth was originally can only be a matter of conjecture from the perspective of today we can go back to at least _ the surface area I would suspect that in the very distant past when the earth was first formed it was much much smaller and that if we could strip away the sedimentary rocks that we would find that the earth was quite tiny. If we could put together a globe made up of the oldest rock on the existing continents we would find that we have a much smaller globe. The important feature of this theory is the globe which is formed by taking the continents as they exist today and putting them on a globe approximately _ the surface area of the earth the surface can be covered totally with no overlapping and no empty spaces, and they fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. The only areas where there is a problem in fitting is the east and west Indies and appearance would seem to show that these areas the earth’s surface seems to have been shredded or ripped apart rather than simply torn or cracking and subsequently moving apart, what has happened to the earth over time is that the not only got larger which caused a flattening of the continents ripping and tearing them, much as if you tried to place an orange peel on a grapefruit or a melon this flattening not only caused ripping which you can see today when you look at the continents today great rift valley in Africa
There are at least three different types of mountains folded, block and volcanic the two most prominent are folded and then block, folded are like the andies the Rockies or the alps block mountains are like the laurentians in the Canadian shield. want we see in both these forms are distortions to layers of sedimentary rock. block could well be the result of the breaking of the earths crust as it is flattening out, folded are caused by the folding of.

EUROPE

the continental plates as it meets resistance as the plates move across the surface of the globe. Looking more closely as the surface of the earth we can see that much of the crust Page 3
is formed by layers of sediment and it is these layers that enable us to see the changes that have occurred to the surface of the earth because they graphically show the forces that have distorted them. It is also the composition of these layers that has given rise to the idea that the land has been pushed up from the ocean floor due to the fact that many marine fossils can be found in the older layers even on the top of mountain ranges. And at first seems to support the subduction theory. But if the sea was covering the land because the water was covering a much smaller earth this would also be an explanation. There would be some points as the earth was expanding that the sea would have been covering the land but there would have been certain periods in history as the sea receded into the cracks and chasms between the continents that the sea were in some areas very shallow as the continents came closer to the surface and where mountains had been forming were actually breaking through the waters for the first time. The oldest layers of sedimentary rock would have fossils of sea creatures that would of lived near the surface of deep oceans and then died to rain down onto the sea bottom. there is also something else that occurs as the earth is expanoipding and that was an actual tendency of the separate peaces of the crust to move on or across the surface of the planet, the two forces , one a gravitational or magnetic force causes the plates to be pull to the north and south poles, with a much stronger attraction to the north pole

SOUTH AMERICA

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